Column

Base Plate: Fixed/pinned (see previous guide)

Splice Connection: Typically at 4-5m intervals

Beam-Column Joint: Moment-resisting/shear connections

Type	Cross-Section	Key Features	Typical Use Cases
Universal Column (UC)	Wide flange	High axial load capacity	Multi-story buildings, heavy frames
Hollow Section (CHS/SHS/RHS)	Circular/Square/Rectangular	Excellent torsional resistance	Architectural, bridges, towers
Compound Column	Built-up sections	Custom load capacity	Industrial plants, special structures
Laced/Battened Column	Latticed members	Lightweight for long spans	Transmission towers, crane supports